Researchers in biochemistry, molecular biology, medicine and other fields commonly use centrifugation to separate sample components, a technology that relies on gravity and mass: particles in a heterogeneous solution will over time separate based on size and density. Smaller, less-dense particles may also migrate downward, but at a much slower rate; some particles will never settle, but remain suspended in solution. Because centrifuges accelerate and enhance this process, they have found widespread use across the sciences since the late 19th century.
Centrifugation utilizes centripetal force to drive the separation of a heterogeneous solution into supernatant and pellet. The modern centrifuge amplifies the force of gravity by spinning solutions at a high rate of speed to increase the rate of sedimentation. During this process, materials with a high particle density will sediment towards the axis of centrifugation (down the tube), while materials with a lower particle density will sediment away from the axis of centrifugation. For example, bacterial cells in suspension have a high particle density and will tend to settle to the bottom.
The centrifuge incorporates one of two types of rotors, which house the tubes where separation occurs. Fixed-angle rotors hold tubes at a stable angle (typically 45°) relative to the axis of rotation. A swinging-bucket rotor swings out when centripetal force is applied and holds the cells at an approximate 90° angle relative to the angle of rotation. Recall that more dense materials will separate towards the angle of the centripetal force. Therefore in swinging-bucket rotors, the pelleted material will form at the bottom of the conical centrifuge tube whereas tubes processed in a fixed-angle rotor will form sedimentation on the side. This could be problematic if the solids get caught in the angle of the tube.
The fact that swinging-bucket rotors offer a superior sedimentation location makes them the obvious choice for centrifuging samples under most conditions; however, fixed-angle rotors offer valuable benefits that often make them a more desirable choice. What are they? First, due to its simple and efficient tube spacing, a fixed-angle rotor can hold a greater quantity of tubes compared to its swinging-bucket counterpart, making it more practical for high-throughput applications. Next, as a result of the rigid design of the metal alloy material, fixed rotors can withstand much higher gravitational forces necessary when separating biological macromolecules such as RNA, DNA and protein. Finally, researchers often wish to wash the pelleted material repeatedly after centrifugation. The placement of the pellet on the side of the tube allows it to be washed with solution more easily without the possibility of disturbing the pellet.
Floor Model 4L Megafuge ST4F and ST4F R Plus Centrifuges by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Floor model, IVD Certified 4L free-standing Megafuge ST4F and ST4F R Plus Centrifuges in ventilated and refrigerated models by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Hermle Z32 HK High-Speed Refrigerated Centrifuge
Hermle紧凑的高速冷藏离心机具有自动转子识别。使用带LCD显示器的微处理器控制召回存储的协议。
Thermo Fisher MySpin 12 Mini离心机
MySpin Mini Centrifuges具有安静而低的振动操作,使其成为理想的微量音量台式离心机。MySpin 12型号包括安全功能可调速度和用于RPM或RCF的后灯显示。
Heraeus Megafuge Benchtop Centrifuge from Thermo Fisher is designed for clinical and research labs. Use control panel to process samples in tubes and microplates.
由基准科学和Thermo Fisher的迷你/微离心机
myFuge Mini centrifuge (shown) includes rotors for microtube and PCR tube/strip; MyFuge 5, 12, StripSpin 12, PlateFuge MC-12 High-Speed and mySPIN models also available from Benchmark Scientific
Centrifuge Models
Floor standing Multifuge X4F Pro Series Centrifuges by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Compact Benchtop Centrifuges from Thermo Scientific
基准MyFuge 12迷你离心机Quasar Insturements
由基准科学和Thermo Fisher的迷你/微离心机
通风和冷藏地板站4升多方面X4F Pro系列离心机由Thermo Fisher Scientific节省桌面空间;100程序内存a|1717-PP-04displayedFloor standing Multifuge X4F Pro Series Centrifuges by Thermo Fisher Scientific
4L ventilated and refrigerated Multifuge X4 and X4R Pro Centrifuges by Thermo Scientific with a 100-program memory and a touchscreen LCD display; FDA listed|1717-PP-03displayedMultifuge X4和X4R Pro Benchtop Centrifuges由Thermo Fisher Scientific
1.6L Multifuge X1R Pro Refrigerated Centrifuge by Thermo Fisher Scientific with a touchscreen interface, 100-program memory and a 4 x 400 mL capacity|1717-60displayedIVD认证多饼X1R Pro Benchtop冷藏离心机由Thermo Fisher Scientific
4升Megafuge ST4和ST4R Plus Benchtop Centrifuges通过Thermo Scientific与Autolock转子交换旋转到196 x 5/7 ml血管|1717-PP-02displayedMegafuge ST4 + T系列台式离心机hermo Fisher Scientific
1.6L Megafuge ST1/ST1R Plus Centrifuges by Thermo Scientific have a 15,200 maximum rpm and 6-program memory|6707-PP-14displayedBenchtop Megafuge ST1 and ST1R Plus Centrifuges by Thermo Fisher Scientific
紧凑型11“单元具有免维型,感应转子,AM先进的微处理器和13,500 MAX RPM符合普通Microtubes;在115V和230V型号Hermle的Benchtop Z207-M MicroCentrifuge
冷室安全MC-24通过基准科学用全彩色触摸屏接受Microtubes和PCR管/条带|2829-PP-15displayedMC-24 Touch High-Speed Microcentrifuge by Benchmark Scientific
带12管或24管转子的型号的最大速度为3,000rpm(离心机);1200rpm(洗涤);350至500rpm(倾析)|1108-PP-07displayedCW3 Centra Cell垫圈通过Thermo Fisher ScientificCompact blood cell washers with automated cycling reduce the risk of cross-contamination and process 24 samples in three minutes; features a digital display and alerts
Heraeus Pico 21 and Fresco 17 Microcentrifuges meet complex micro-volume protocol for ventilated or refrigerated centrifugation|1108-PP-02displayedThermo Scientific Hereaus Pico 21 Ventilated and Fresco 17 Refrigerated MicrocentrifugesHeraeus Pico and Fresco Microcentrifuges speed up micro-volume sample preparation processes; ideal for routine lab work or high-end research applications
Thermo Fisher Scientific general product manager, John Collings on the compact benchtop centrifugesCompact Benchtop Centrifuges from Thermo ScientificShort video demonstrating the benefits of the compact benchtop centrifuge
基准我的FUGE 12 MINI离心机被展示在短视频演示中基准MyFuge 12迷你离心机Quasar InsturementsShort video demonstrating how the Benchmark 12 mini centrifuge works
Choose from a wide range of microcentrifuges ideal for quick spin down of tubes, PCR tubes and microplates; rotors and adapters sold separately|2812-PP-01displayed由基准科学和Thermo Fisher的迷你/微离心机myFuge Mini centrifuge (shown) includes rotors for microtube and PCR tube/strip; MyFuge 5, 12, StripSpin 12, PlateFuge MC-12 High-Speed and mySPIN models also available from Benchmark Scientific
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